importlib.resources -- Resources

Source code: Lib/importlib/resources/__init__.py

3.7 新版功能.

This module leverages Python's import system to provide access to resources within packages. If you can import a package, you can access resources within that package. Resources can be opened or read, in either binary or text mode.

Resources are roughly akin to files inside directories, though it's important to keep in mind that this is just a metaphor. Resources and packages do not have to exist as physical files and directories on the file system: for example, a package and its resources can be imported from a zip file using zipimport.

备注

This module provides functionality similar to pkg_resources Basic Resource Access without the performance overhead of that package. This makes reading resources included in packages easier, with more stable and consistent semantics.

The standalone backport of this module provides more information on using importlib.resources and migrating from pkg_resources to importlib.resources.

Loaders that wish to support resource reading should implement a get_resource_reader(fullname) method as specified by importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader.

importlib.resources.Package

Whenever a function accepts a Package argument, you can pass in either a module object or a module name as a string. You can only pass module objects whose __spec__.submodule_search_locations is not None.

The Package type is defined as Union[str, ModuleType].

importlib.resources.files(package)

Returns a Traversable object representing the resource container for the package (think directory) and its resources (think files). A Traversable may contain other containers (think subdirectories).

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the Package requirements.

3.9 新版功能.

importlib.resources.as_file(traversable)

Given a Traversable object representing a file, typically from importlib.resources.files(), return a context manager for use in a with statement. The context manager provides a pathlib.Path object.

Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file created when the resource was extracted from e.g. a zip file.

Use as_file when the Traversable methods (read_text, etc) are insufficient and an actual file on the file system is required.

3.9 新版功能.

Deprecated functions

An older, deprecated set of functions is still available, but is scheduled for removal in a future version of Python. The main drawback of these functions is that they do not support directories: they assume all resources are located directly within a package.

importlib.resources.Resource

For resource arguments of the functions below, you can pass in the name of a resource as a string or a path-like object.

The Resource type is defined as Union[str, os.PathLike].

importlib.resources.open_binary(package, resource)

Open for binary reading the resource within package.

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). This function returns a typing.BinaryIO instance, a binary I/O stream open for reading.

3.11 版后已移除: Calls to this function can be replaced by:

files(package).joinpath(resource).open('rb')
importlib.resources.open_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')

Open for text reading the resource within package. By default, the resource is opened for reading as UTF-8.

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). encoding and errors have the same meaning as with built-in open().

This function returns a typing.TextIO instance, a text I/O stream open for reading.

3.11 版后已移除: Calls to this function can be replaced by:

files(package).joinpath(resource).open('r', encoding=encoding)
importlib.resources.read_binary(package, resource)

Read and return the contents of the resource within package as bytes.

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). This function returns the contents of the resource as bytes.

3.11 版后已移除: Calls to this function can be replaced by:

files(package).joinpath(resource).read_bytes()
importlib.resources.read_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')

Read and return the contents of resource within package as a str. By default, the contents are read as strict UTF-8.

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). encoding and errors have the same meaning as with built-in open(). This function returns the contents of the resource as str.

3.11 版后已移除: Calls to this function can be replaced by:

files(package).joinpath(resource).read_text(encoding=encoding)
importlib.resources.path(package, resource)

Return the path to the resource as an actual file system path. This function returns a context manager for use in a with statement. The context manager provides a pathlib.Path object.

Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file created when the resource needs to be extracted from e.g. a zip file.

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).

3.11 版后已移除: Calls to this function can be replaced using as_file():

as_file(files(package).joinpath(resource))
importlib.resources.is_resource(package, name)

Return True if there is a resource named name in the package, otherwise False. This function does not consider directories to be resources. package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the Package requirements.

3.11 版后已移除: Calls to this function can be replaced by:

files(package).joinpath(resource).is_file()
importlib.resources.contents(package)

Return an iterable over the named items within the package. The iterable returns str resources (e.g. files) and non-resources (e.g. directories). The iterable does not recurse into subdirectories.

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the Package requirements.

3.11 版后已移除: Calls to this function can be replaced by:

(resource.name for resource in files(package).iterdir() if resource.is_file())